Friedreich’s Ataxia

Friedreich's ataxia Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system resulting in things like gait disturbance, speech problems, heart disease and diabetes. Friedreich's ataxia is caused by a defect in a gene called Frataxin, which is located on chromosome 9. The changes in this gene cause the body to produce too much trinucleotide repeat (GAA).This mutation causes gene silencing through induction of a heterochromatin structure in a manner similar to position-effect variegation. Normally, the body contains about 8 to 30 copies of GAA, however the people with Friedreich's ataxia may have as many as 1,000 copies. The more copies of GAA a person has, the earlier the disease will start and the faster it will get worse. Symptoms typically begin sometime between the ages of 5 to 15, but in rare cases, Friedreich’s ataxia may occur around the ages of 20 to 30.Some of the symptoms are; abnormal speech, changes in vision (particularly col or vision), decrease in ability to feel vibrations in lower limbs, foot problems, hearing loss, jerky eye movements, loss of coordination and balance, frequent falls, muscle weakness, no reflexes in the legs, and uncoordinated movements. Friedreich's ataxia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. This means you must get a copy of the defective gene from both your mother and father. About 1 in every 22,000-29,000 people develop this disease but family history of the condition raises your chances of getting it.On average, after 10-15 years with the disease patients are usually wheelchair bound and require assistance with all activities. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for Friedreich's ataxia. There are, however, medicines, therapy treatments and surgeries available to those who are affected but it will not rid them of the disease. Titanium screws and rods are often inserted in the spine to help prevent or slow the progression of this disease. The goal of surgery is to keep t he patient alive as long as possible. As the ataxia progresses, things such as a cane, walker, or wheelchair are required for mobility.

Bill French Case Essay

1. What are the assumptions implicit in Bill French’s determination of his company’s break-even point? * He has assumed that there is just one breakeven point for the firm (by taking the average of the 3 products). * He has also assumed that the sales mix will remain constant. Total revenue and total expenses behave in a linear manner over the relevant range. * Since the capacity is being expanded to increase production of Product C, it could be assumed that this increase should be allocated to this product. Production of Product A is to be scaled down, but its level of fixed costs has been assumed to be unchanged. * Constant dividends are paid out to the company’s stockholders. * Labor union will not significantly affect cost structure. No substantial changes in product prices. 2. On the basis of French’s revised information, what does next year look like? a. What is the break-even point? The break even unit for the aggregate production is 1,035,686 units. Calculation of the break even points using the new estimates: Breakeven points have been calculated using the formula: Breakeven number of units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit, where Contribution margin per unit = Selling price – Variable cost per unit b. What level of operations must be achieved to pay the extra dividend, ignoring union demands? To pay the extra dividend of 50% and to retain the profit of 150,000 we need to have the profit after taxes as 600,000. As half of the revenues go to the government as taxes therefore the total revenues before tax deduction should be equal to 1,200,000. c. What level of operations must be achieved to meet union demands, ignoring bonus dividends? d. What level of operations must be achieved to meet both union demands & bonus dividends? 3. Can the break-even analysis help the company decide whether to alter the existing product emphasis? What can the company afford to invest for additional â€Å"C† capacity? Break even analysis can be used to decide whether to alter the existing product emphasis or not. In this case, based from previous year’s data, it is not feasible to manufacture product C at 2.40 / unit. Below table provides checking whether the company can afford to invest in additional C capacity. 4. Calculate each of the three products’ break even points using Exhibit 3. Why is the sum of these three volumes not equal to the 1,100,000 unit’s aggregate break-even volume? The sum of three break even volumes does not equate the aggregate break even volume because of varying fixed costs. It is illustrated in the below table: Question 5: Is this type of analysis of any value? For what can it be used? Break-Even analysis explains the relationship between cost, production, volume and returns. It can be extended to show how changes in fixed cost, variable cost, commodity prices, revenue will affect profit levels and break even points. Break even analysis is most useful when used with partial budgeting, capital budgeting techniques. The break even analysis helps understand and formulate the relationship between costs (fixed and variable), output and profit. The technique can be used to set sales targets and/or prices to generate target profits. In a wide product range, the analysis helps to find out which products are performing well and which are leading to losses .It is also versatile enough to include items like donations, wage increases, etc. that directly or indirectly affect costs.

Liberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liberalism - Essay Example Liberalism The theory of liberalism centers on a number of assumptions. The first assumption is that both state and non-state actors play a vital role in international relations. Liberalism values sub-state actors such as multi-national corporations and individuals. These actors can influence global politics (Shiraev and Zubok 389). The second major assumption under liberalism is that international relations encompass both cooperation and conflict. Liberals argue that since state are linked by finance and trade; they have incentives to cooperate with one another. This rationale allows the reduction of trade barriers such as tariffs. The democratic stability theory is also part of the second assumption and centers on the presumption that democratic states do not go to war with one another and that democratic countries do not instigate conflict. Liberals argue that democracies have shared values and norms thus identify with one another. Additionally, democracies are not subjected to military cont rol. The third assumption of the theory of liberalism is that states are not typically unitary or rational actors thus leaders play bi-level games by simultaneously negotiating with foreign leaders and making choices that maintain their constituencies’ happiness.economics can all be the most vital goal of a state. . The article speaks to the issues of international relations on environmental issues, specifically pollution and deforestation.... The primary issue is that of the environment and business as palm companies operating in Indonesia illegally burn forests so as to pave way for palm plantations. This is a recurring problem in the country. The issue of air pollution and deforestation presented in the article affects the South Asian region. The theory of liberalism holds that sub-state actors are primary instigators of international relations issues. Multinational companies that own palm plantations in Indonesia are some of the greatest masterminds of deforestation and the illegal slash-and-burn practices as they clear land for their plantations. The issue is a major problem for the actors since environmental issues such as deforestation and air pollution can affect an entire regions. The multinational corporations involved in polluting the air and deforesting lands are also bound to be impacted by the ensuing poor air quality. Like the corporations, other institutions and individuals in the region are also affected. For instance, airlines lose business as they planes are grounded while people suffer from breathing difficulties or lung diseases. The problem is experienced the same by all parties because, according to liberalism, environmental issues can dominate the international agenda thereby impacting the entire nation. All actors in the South Asian region are impacted by the consequences of palm plantations’ slash-and-burn practices. This means that the environmental issue is a collective problem, which according to liberals, is at the center of international cooperation (Shiraev and Zubok 367). The issue at hand is a demonstration of how financial power plays a significant role in shaping international politics. Indonesian officials argue that companies headquartered in

Nonverbal Communication- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nonverbal Communication- - Essay Example Similarly, executive success is dependent on intuition, hunches, or judgement, which â€Å"may have been derived from very specific information communicated nonverbally† (Fatt, 1998, p.1), although the manager may be unaware of the source of information. Environments cannot be easily distinguished because of their invisibility based on their ground rules, all-encompassing structure, and general patterns. However, this invisible environment is made discernible through nonverbal communication (Fatt, 1998). Further, service encounters involving interactions between employees and customers lead to customers’ evaluations of their service consumption experiences and perceptions of service quality. Hence, managerial implications include the identification of employee behaviors and approach that generate favorable responses from customer (Sundaram & Webster, 2000). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of nonverbal communication in the bus iness environment. The Significance of Nonverbal Communication for Business Success The term communication style covers a wide range of both vocal and verbal attributes including â€Å"pitch, volume, and word choice, and nonverbal attributes such as gestures and facial expressions† (Fragale, 2004, p.94). ... xpressions (Tiedens, 2001), and subtle patterns of eye contact (Rosa & Mazur, 1979) may affect the way in which the individual is perceived by fellow group members. This consequently influences the individual’s status position within the group, states Fragale (2005, p.94). For a thorough comprehension of the assigning of status in task groups, it is essential to determine how specific communication behaviors impact individuals’ status positions. Examples are questions related to the status consequences of speaking loudly, or putting one’s feet on the desk. Similarly, for the purpose of â€Å"gaining status in a group, should an individual interrupt others, or wait quietly for a turn to speak?† (Fragale, 2005, p.94). The communication styles both through verbal and nonverbal behaviors, impact the status positions they achieve in their task groups. Earlier studies have demonstrated that status is more enhanced by being smart than by being social. On the othe r hand, Fragale (2005) argues that in some task groups status imrovement may occur through being social rather than smart. The author advances the idea that the characteristics of the group to which an individual belongs leads to status benefits through particular communication styles, based on structural and process differences between groups, and how the members’ words and actions are assessed (Fragale, 2005). The theory of Berger et al. (1986), of status cues argues that â€Å"task cues which contradict expectations based on categorical cues may reduce or overcome the effects of the latter on status processes† (Foddy & Riches, 2000, p.103). Two studies investigated the comparative influence of verbal fluency and ethnic accent on perceptions of competence, and on acceptance of influence in a group task. Study

Law problem Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law problem - Article Example Although the FCC is responsible for regulating communication providers in the country, they clearly overstep their mandate when they appear to control the television channels and dictate the content that they air. The FCC cannot dictate what amount of money that these cable companies charge for fees. Subsequently, they are overstepping their mandate and these rules clearly exceed the authority given to them. Any appeal lodged against the FCC will be successful on these grounds. The FCC has a right to censor obscene or provocative language on the national radio. When Pacifica decided to broadcast, "Filthy Words†, they made that decision at their risk. The situation that they are in lies in the fact that they chose to air controversial content on the radio, without the use of censorship. Therefore, the FCC is justified in the decision that they made due to his careless conduct of the local radio station. The FCC may use its powers to suspend licenses of broadcasters who have breached indecency regulations. They may also suspend licenses, revoke licenses and deny applications for broadcast licenses based on these laws. For this reason, the FCC has the legal right to carry on the necessary proceedings against Pacifica. The prisoners were right in making a complaint against the FDA for failing to take action against the manufacturers of the drugs used in lethal injection. The procedure, however, is legal and is utilized in the execution of death row inmates. Therefore, the FDA has no authority to question the utilization of the lethal injection drug. Nevertheless, these prisoners are all death row convicts who are awaiting execution, and the standard procedure involves execution by lethal injection. Therefore, the prisoners are wrong to put up a case with the FDA, who have no jurisdiction whatsoever over the issue. Although the Sierra Club has a genuine environmental concern, the leased land from the federal government

7 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

7 Discussion - Essay Example In this way the individual relies on his or her character. Philosophers such as Plato, Hume, Aristotle etc have discoursed on virtuous character yet there seem not to be an agreement on exactly what ought to be counted as virtuous behavior. According to this philosophers virtue can only be equated to knowledge thus one who has knowledge and especially so the knowledge of good is regarded to have virtuous character (McMurray, 2000). The fact the children are born with no sense whatsoever of right or wrong it is prudent to assert that this good judgment is acquired from the society. The child will be taught by society members a number of mannerisms deemed acceptable such as honesty, respect and live in harmony with the existing systems. Without the society and culture would mean that the child relies on instincts thus will only have to act in a way that is likely to be beneficial to him or her. The society has also ensured there is a way to reward virtuous behavior thus encouraging its members to be virtuous. There are many moral stories and the like which give examples of individuals that have prospered in the society as a result of being virtuous. In the same way others are encouraged to live a virtuous life such that they are able to benefit in a similar manner. It is not easy to live a virtuous life thus there is normally some obstacles one has to overcome. According to some of the virtue theorist, it is easy for human beings to practice vice especially when the society is reluctant to punish the behavior and encourage virtuous living. It is for this reason that there are laws of the land and the justice system to encourage the people to live in harmony with one another. Alternatively there are those opposed to this theory citing the fact that character is in born. There are times when one has to rely on his character to perform some acts which the society is opposed to.

Employee Relations - Voluntarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee Relations - Voluntarism - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, the basic areas of focus for the state have been on information dispersion and providing financial support and incentives for management action. (University of Bath, 2008) Now in the wake of numerous debates regarding the efficacy of the concept of indirect employee involvement and participation, voluntarism has not been promoted in certain cases in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, we see in some cases that the new trade union models are set to encourage voluntary cooperation. This essay is going to critically evaluate both scenarios with specific case studies. Nonunion employee representation (NER) and its independency from the governing authority typify the employee relations structure in the United Kingdom. (Kaufman et al, 2000:410) With the growth and development of service sectors in the country during the last 25 years or so, traditional industries became less operative, resulting in a steady decline in British union membership from 13 million in the early 1980s to 8 million in the late 1990s. Consequently, the need to introduce human relations and new wings of work organization was felt acutely as employers wanted to include dynamic business initiatives that would benefit both their interests as well as employee welfare. Looking into the context that preceded the provisions made in the 1999 Employee Relations Bill, one can clearly get an idea of the changing scenario in the late 1990s arising from the Trade Union Congress’ recommendation of a broad spectrum of individual and corporate rights at work into lawmaking. The concep t of voluntarism is not essentially circumscribed to state or legal interference in the union and management dealings, but should be expanded to take into consideration the relative freedom of employees and employers to improve the interrelationship. (Sisson, 1999) In relation with the thesis question, one might look into the fact

Octavian by M.T. Anderson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Octavian by M.T. Anderson - Essay Example Anderson. The book tells the story of Octavian, a boy of African-American heritage who lives with his mother at The Novanglian College of Lucidity. He is brought up among scientists and philosophers and is given luxurious treatment throughout his life. In the first volume, we learn about the education of Octavian; he is proficient in music and religious studies, and music studies have made him a talented violinist. Initially Octavian was under the impression, or it could be that he had the illusion, that each of the members living at â€Å"The Novanglian College of Lucidity† is equal. However, as a result of a mistake committed by his mother, both of them are thrown out of the college and have to live with Richard Sharpe. Octavian believed that he was a free member of the Utopian society but his dreams are shattered by Sharpe’s plan to experiment on him to prove that the African race is inferior to white and other races. Thus Octavian comes to find out the reality of li ving in the old America.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Business Ethics - Essay Example The plot revolves around the business interrelation that exists between China, Iran and the United States of America. It begins with a missile that vanishes in Iran. This creates tension among security forces in the US and the CIA is the most affected. Funny enough this does not worry them as they have something else bigger to worry about. In relation to this, the new owner of the Emirates oil company gives a deal to China and cuts out a company from the US that reacts by firing all its workers who are not of the native origin and goes further to combine with an undersized firm which has just landed on an oil contract in Kazakhstani. The US unit of justice notices bribery in the oil firm’s law unit finds its way out by identifying a scapegoat. Bribery is against business ethics and it brings a bad picture of the company. The CIA needs to find a scapegoat as well after the mission of eliminating Emir-apparent backfires. This can be described as unethical skills of doing busines s because it is engaging in criminal activities so as to gain certain interest. Bob Barnes a CIA agent looks into the whole saga which is considered to be a double cross. An economist from America sacrifices his son to come into contract with sheik which entailed advising him that the CIA wants him dead. The movie features current events in the business world such as oil trade. The world depends on oil and people would do anything to ensure that they have this commodity even if it means breaking business ethical rules.

Enviromental issues (carbon footprints) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Enviromental issues (carbon footprints) - Essay Example According to the American Meteorological Society (AMS, 2007), the direct human impact on the climate change is through the enhanced concentration of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor which, collectively, are known as the greenhouse gases. With the enhanced amounts of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere, the infrared radiation emitted by the earth and its atmosphere is blocked by the thickening blanket of greenhouse gases, resulting to increased warmth in the earth’s temperature in its attempt to equalize the incoming and outgoing flows of energy. AMS (2007) further reports that Carbon dioxide (CO₂) accounts for about half of the human-induced greenhouse gas contribution to global warming since the latter part of 1800s. CO₂ concentration has been increasing mainly from fossil fuel burning and partly from clearing of vegetation. Significant part (50%) of the increased CO₂ emissions remains in the atmosphere, while the rest of the earth absorbs continually the remaining 50%. Interestingly alarming is that the atmospheric CO₂ concentration has been increasing at a much faster rate than any other observed in the past several thousand years’ geological record. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF, 2009) reports that around 97 percent of the CO₂ emitted by the western industrialized nations is mainly coming from burning coal, oil and gas energy. The western industrialized nations spew into the atmosphere approximately 25 billion metric tons of CO₂ each year, which is enough to cause temperature build-up that seriously disrupts the world climate’s natural balance. As the scientific community continues to understand, monitor and discover things about the environmental changes happening around the globe, it also tries to translate scientific discoveries into

The Great Gatsby and a good man is hard to find Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby and a good man is hard to find Essay There are so many ways and means that man evolve himself into: his pursuits of his dreams, his conduct of his life as he sees it fit; his definition and interpretation of the other lives that revolve around his own life. The parallelism and yet paradoxically the extreme difference in the central characters of â€Å"The Great Gatsby† and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† – illustrate the variances and also the similarities in the lives of two different men. It is therefore necessary for man to be properly guided by his perspective in life to enable him gain his rightful place in society and in this life. The Great Gatsby: Stocks and bond became an intriguing business in the 20’s and thus it lured a curious, young, business neophyte – Nick Carraway. From his hometown in Minnesota, he moved to New York to pursue the burgeoning promise of wealth. Nick lived in a house he rents in Long Island New York in the area of the wealthy in West Egg district. He soon learned that his neighbors are all socially well connected and established with newfound wealth that makes them all aggressive, dreamy, gregarious and showy. One such neighbor is Jay Gatsby. In Gatsby’s magnificent mansion, fabulous parties and guests happen every time. And what unfolds to Nick are circumstances that mixes all the decadence there could be. Nick is distinctive from his West Egg neighbors because he is a Yale graduate and has nevertheless established connections with the high society of the East Egg district of Long Island. Nick has a cousin that lives in East Egg, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is married to Tom, who was Nick’s former classmate in Yale University. During one visit of Nick to his cousin, Daisy and Tom introduced Nick to a beautiful young girl, Jordan Baker. Nick and Jordan become besotted, fell in love and carried a romantic affair. It was Jordan who confessed to Nick about the true state of the marriage of his cousin Daisy and Tom. It is because Tom is carrying an extra marital affair with a certain Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle lives in a not so impressive neighborhood in a dumping ground of industrial refuses that is located between New York City and West Egg District of Long Island, called the Valley of the Ashes. Indeed it has come to pass that Tom was audacious to invite Nick to join him and Myrtle to parties. The summer that came along, Nick got an invitation from Jay Gatsby for one of his famous parties. Nick attends and finds Jordan Baker already there. It was Jordan who formally introduced Nick Carraway to Jay Gatsby. Nick was impressed by Jay a someone who is extremely gregarious, pretentious, good looking, and has a very winsome smile. It was Jordan who told Nick that Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan were friends way back their days in Louisville. Jay has been in love with Daisy from day one and still carries the torch to the present time. The reason why Jay pursued his dream, his social status, his wealth were all because of Daisy whom Jay wants to impress and win her love. Therefore, inviting Nick and meeting him was for purposes of Nick arranging for Jay to meet Daisy once again. It is because Jay learned from Jordan also that Nick is the cousin of Daisy. So, Nick found a way for Jay and Daisy to meet and talk. Daisy eventually got enamoured by Jay and thus the two has an affair. To which, Tom slowly became suspicious. Inspite of Tom’s infidelity, he still feels outraged that his wife has the gall to cheat on him. Tom confronts Jay and told him that he can never truly win Daisy’s heart because what they shared is something that Jay cannot out shine. Tom also confronts Daisy and told her that she is being blinded by Jay’s status, wealth and power because she does not know and will never know that what Jay Gatsby has are all from illegal businesses. Daisy eventually realizes that she loves Tom and feels she has to sustain her loyalty to her husband. A tragedy that transpired twisted all of their fate. Myrtle Wilson, the mistress of Tom was ran over by a car and died. The car is Jay Gatsby’s car and it was driven by Daisy. Gatsby could not take to heart that Daisy will be made responsible for Myrtle’s death. Gatsby decided that he will take the blame and claim that he was the one driving. Thus, it was such that Tom told George Wilson, the husband of Myrtle – that Gatsby was the one driving the car that killed Myrtle. George therefore suspected that Gatsby and Myrtle must be having an affair. George confronts Gatsby and shoots him to his death. Then George consequently shoots himself. Nick was the one who arranged for the final services for Jay Gatsby and buries him. Nick breaks off with Jordan and completely decided to leave behind the New York City life that he thought would make him pursue his dreams of wealth, prestige and power. It is because he found himself immersed in mind boggling misery of intrigue of decadent morals, greed and values. Nick concluded that there is really no such thing that can be emulated from Jay Gatsby as the epitome of an American dream fulfilled. A Good Man is Hard to Find: The family of Bailey is due for a holiday vacation and they planned to go to Florida. However, Bailey’s grandmother prefers to go to Tennessee. To win the debate, Grandmother pointed out to her son and his family that there is an escaped convict who has murdered to so many people and is on the loose. He is called The Misfit. The family was taken to the story of the Grandmother and they decided on Tennessee. On the road for their trip, the family did not know that Grandmother sneaked out her cat in a basket. She was seated at the back of the car, together with her grandson John West and her granddaughter June Star. Bailey and his wife were seated in front with their baby. Along the way, Grandmother remember at a certain section came to her recollection as the plantation that she used to live. She insisted to her son Bailey that they should stop for a while so she could visit. Grandmother enticed the family to abide by her wishes by telling her grandchildren that the house is mysterious for it has a secret panel that leads to somewhere yet to be discovered. The children got fussy and intrigued by the story and insisted that their father follows the wish of their Grandmother to visit that house in that plantation. The road was graveled and bumpy. As they all struggled thru the uncomfortable ride, Grandmother shifts her leg and it irritated the cat. The cat escaped from the basket and crawled at Bailey’s back. This caused the accident and the car turned over. However, no one is hurt. A car is seen to be soon driving by and they all waved for help. The car stops and three men approached the family of Bailey. The three men were carrying guns. And Grandmother recognizes one of man as The Misfit himself. The Misfit told the family that they have put themselves in trouble since they recognized him. The two other male companions were told to haul the entire family in the thick woods ahead of the road and kill them. Grandmother started begging The Misfit in all sorts of manner elucidating on the Christian principle that all men are good and that The Misfit does not actually have to be mean and bad. Grandmother was trying her best to convince The Misfit that he could even be her own son but nevertheless is loved by his own parents and family and God and he should be inspired by that. Grandmother assured The Misfit that he could find happiness in prayers. To it all, The Misfit nevertheless shot and killed Grandmother. The Theme: The Great Gatsby expounded on the realities of what it takes to reach ambition and goals in life. With the scenario of a prosperous decade of the 20’s the abundance of opportunities lured the Americans to pursue the heights of anything – no matter at what cost and what it takes. As Nick said in Chapter IX: â€Å"I see now that this has been a story of the West, after all—Tom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life. † â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find ventures on the ethical values and faith to be generally in every human being. The conviction of the Grandmother that she could spare her family from the ire of The Misfit is based on such principle. She pleadingly tried to convince The Misfit when she said: â€Å"Listen, you shouldn’t call yourself The Misfit because I know you’re a good man at heart. I can just look at you and tell†. The Symbol: The Valley of the Ashes is the metaphorical representation in The Great Gatsby between being a success or a failure in one’s pursuit of your dreams. It is because that stretch of dumping ground separates the old rich constituents of East Egg and the place of struggle of their dreams which is New York City The cat buried deep in the basket that which eventually escaped symbolized the means that life can unfold to bring one’s fate to an undefineable track. Grandmother, with all her imaginary, fictionalized stories to earn all her whims was finally struck by the unforeseen way that the cat could bring her to her end, inspite of all the righteousness she beholds. She just has to have her way. As her granddaughter June Star said: â€Å"She wouldn’t stay at home to be queen for a day. † Works Cited O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†. 1993 Rutgers University Press Fitzgerald, F. Scott â€Å"The Great Gatsby†. Hayes Barton Press

Lebanons History, Culture and Diversity

Lebanons History, Culture and Diversity Some people migrate to the United States and just forget their home country. They find their way to assimilate in the American mainstream. However for me, even though Ive been in the U.S. since birth but I would still be pleasured to write on most of the things that I really would feel interested about; Lebanon. Modern-day Lebanon is like a mosaic, characterized by a diversity of cultures, traditions, and religions. Because of its location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa; Lebanon has been shaped by many civilizations throughout its long history. These diverse influences are evident in the extraordinary richness of the countrys archaeological sites. From Stone Age settlements to Phoenician city-states, from Roman temples to rock-cut Christian hermitages, from Crusader Castles to Mamluk mosques and Ottoman Hammams (traditional clubs that include sauna, Jacuzzi, and steam rooms), the countrys historical sites are a true encyclopedia of ancient and modern world history. Modern Lebanese society is characterized by this same cultural and architectural diversity. As you walk the streets of downtown Beirut, you will pass domed mosques and steeple churches, French cafes and Arab Souqs (traditional markets). Cultural diversity is reflected in language, cuisine, the arts, and the countrys religious heritages Sunni, Shiia Muslims, and Druze; Maronite, Eastern Orthodox and other Christians; and many others (Helena 72). A visit to any of Lebanons ancient archeological ruins, traditional villages, or religious sites will truly give you a taste of the cultural mosaic of this captivating country. Lebanon is an ancient land that has embraced two of the worlds major religions, Christianity and Islam. Lebanons Christian heritage can be traced back to the Old Testament (Collelo 45). The Bible mentions the land of Lebanon on 70 occasions, and the famed Cedars of Lebanon are frequently cited as a symbol of beauty and strength. In addition to the many Biblical sites located in southern Lebanon, the Qadisha Valley, also known as the Holy Valley, reveals a wealth of hidden, rock-cut monasteries, grottoes, and sacred sites from the earliest days of Christianity. On the other hand, Lebanons Muslim heritage can be traced to the 7th century AD, when Islam was introduced by the Umayyad caliphate from the Arabian Peninsula. The Umayyad dynasty was the first of two major Muslim dynasties following the prophet Mohammed. The Umayyads and their successors, the Abbasids, ushered in a rich period of Islamic art, architecture, learning, and culture, and this tradition continues to flourish today. There are numerous mosques and spiritual places from the Sunni, Shiite Muslim traditions throughout the country. An ancient land, Lebanon features prominently in writings from the Old Testament to the History of Herodotus (440 BC). Its cities were major Mediterranean outposts and seaports in Phoenician, Greek, Roman, and Umayyad times. Consequently, the Lebanese countryside is awash with majestic and historically fascinating ruins. Five of the most outstanding sites Aanjar, Baalbeck, Byblos, Tyre, and the Qadisha Valley/Cedars Forest are listed as UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites. To explore Lebanon is to discover archaeological wonders that are windows into the cradle of civilization. Believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, the picturesque seaside city of Byblos is built upon multiple layers of ruins, dating back to as early as the Stone Age (5,000 BC). The kings of Byblos from the Phoenician period are buried in nine underground tombs in the royal necropolis. Columns lining the main thoroughfare, a theater, and a public fountain are among the architectural contributions left by the Romans. The Crusaders built their castle and a moat upon large Roman stones. Later, the castle was renovated and reused by the Mamluks and then the Ottomans. Lebanons official language is Arabic, but French, Armenian, and English are also widely spoken. Many Lebanese in fact speak a patois of some combination of these four languages, most commonly an Arabic-French mixture. Virtually all Lebanese are bilingual. Spoken Arabic is one part of a grouping of dialects called Levantine Arabic, differing greatly from the literary Modern Standard Arabic. It is a fusion between Syriac and Arabic, as well as some Turkish and thus in this respect can be more correctly classified as a language from Arabic, albeit very similar due to its relationship on the tree of Semitic languages. Regional influences and occupations throughout the centuries could possibly explain the reason why Lebanese people speak so many languages, even incorporating them into their own. Due to the importance of the Lebanese Diaspora and business interests of Lebanese worldwide, it has always been important to master languages other than Arabic. Lebanese music is known around the world for its soothing rhythms and wild beats. Traditional and folk music are extremely popular as are western rhythms. Perhaps the best-known and listened to Lebanese singer is Fairuz. Her songs are broadcast every morning on most radio stations and many TV channels, both in Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East and the Arab world in general. Other artists are also well known and loved like Majida El Roumi, Marcel Khalife who is also a composer, Oud player, and Julia Boutros. Over the ages, skilled Lebanese artisans have perfected the art of creating beautiful blown glass, jewelry, inlaid and engraved wooden boxes and furniture, textiles, and linens. The colorful, blown-glass decanters, water carafes, and glasses particular to Lebanon date back to Phoenician times. Wood workers carve intricately designed boxes and furniture and inlay them with mother-of-pearl or small pieces of wood. Traditional olive oil soap, increasingly popular here in the west, comes from traditional small factories that make this soup from the olive trees of Lebanon to be entirely natural, pure, and moisturizing. Lebanons primary religious groups, very roughly, are Shia Muslim (the largest group), Sunni Muslim, Christian, and Druze. Muslims represent roughly 60% of the total population, while Christians make up the other 40%. Of the muslims, the predominant Shia make up 60%, while the Sunni make up most of the remainder. Druze and Alawis are minorities. The division of political power between the religious groups is an interesting problem. The Lebanese have solved this by making different high ranking government positions represented by the different religious groups. The President must be Catholic, the Prime Minister must be Sunni, and the Speaker of the Parliament must be Shia. Some Lebanese nationals, particularly some Christians, tend to emphasize aspects of Lebanons non-Arab history as a mark of respect to encompass all of Lebanons historical makeup instead of only that which began during the Arab conquests, an attitude that prevails in the rest of the Arab world. In this respect, it would be wrong to dismiss Lebanons mosaic culture as merely Arab when it is clear that it is a blend of indigenous and invading or foreign cultures that have given it the title of the crossroads between east and west for centuries. This picture is seen most clearly in Lebanon, a land of complete contrasts and a land that cannot be defined by one culture alone, except if one were to bring them altogether and classify them as Lebanese. In a concession to Lebanons Eastern and Western heritage, some Lebanese prefer to see Lebanon as part of Mediterranean or Levantine civilization, neither Arab nor European. Everyone born and raised in Lebanon communicates using Arabic in a Leban ese dialect. This applies to its Islamic, Christian, Druze, and other religious practices. Language, food, music, arts and various cultural facets are local Lebanese and performed practically all in Arabic. The youth today are quite westernized and modernized breaking away with traditions like most other larger cities in the world (dating, western music, food, etc.) Compared to other Arab cities, Lebanese cities (especially Beirut) are more westernized and tolerant, and overt towards men-women relations than most Arab cities, like Damascus, Cairo, Baghdad Like other areas of the Middle East, Lebanon has a heritage almost as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian hinterland has conferred on it a cosmopolitan character and a multicultural legacy. Lebanon has an Arab culture colored by Western influences. As some Lebanese proudly say about their tiny country, Lebanon is small in size but huge in its influence.

Illegal logging

Illegal logging Introduction Illegal logging is one of the many causes of deforestation and is one of the worlds most pressing environmental problems (Chatham House, 2009; EIA, 2008). It is fuelled substantially by a large and indiscriminate international market demand for cheap timber and timber products (EIA, 2008). While poverty, economic collapse, provincial autonomy and many other factors also contribute to this form of rainforest destruction, corruption is at the core of the problem (Plate 1) (EIA Telapak, 2005). Previously, for the most part, within the international community there has been ambivalence regarding illegal logging and trade and destruction of tropical rainforests (Cock, 2008). This unlawful practice has only come to the attention of the global community in the past few decades (Cock, 2008; EIA, 2008). Efforts to combat illegal logging and trade have started to become a policy priority across the globe and international initiatives have been established (EIA, 2008; Glastra, 1999). Outline This paper will consider the international response to illegal logging and trade and whether that response has been successful. The discussion will commence by defining illegal logging and other related terms. The analysis will then focus on a brief overview of the occurrence of this illicit practice and the environmental, social and economic issues associated. The next part of the essay will discuss what the international response to illegal logging and trade is and its effectiveness using some key examples. Finally, limitations on data and recommendations for future actions will be discussed and the main arguments of this account summarised. Definitions Illegal logging is the practice in which loggers, millers, and transporters go against national laws to harvest, mill, and transport timber and wood products illegally, or through corrupt practices (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). The illegal trade of timber can involve exporting or importing: tree species prohibited under national or international law; timber or timber products in violation of national bans; the unauthorized movement of timber across borders and the movement of illegally logged timber from forest to market (Callister, 1999). International initiatives are a response to the growing concern of non-governmental agencies, the public, the scientific community and governments about important issues and can include the formation or alteration to organizations, official forums, action plans and conventions (Glastra, 1999). An international organisation attempts to govern the global political economy in relation to some key issue and imposes order through pressures and restra ints (Emadi-Coffin, 2002). An international convention is a legally binding agreement to any country that signs it, in which the implementation of national policy or legislation is required to achieve the objectives of the convention (Glastra, 1999). Overview of Illegal Logging and Trade Illegal logging involves the removal of large and valuable trees from primary forests, which, creates secondary forests, can make forests more susceptible to fires, and facilitates the exploitation of the forests for other uses (Dauvergne, 2001). Factors which aid illegal logging and trade can include: undue political influence, poor government policies, and poor enforcement systems (Glastra, 1999). The causes of illegal logging can encompass: misguided community views that illegal logging is not a criminal or harmful activity, over-complex regulatory government frameworks, lack of government willingness or capacity to enforce the law, and corruption (Table 1) (Tacconi, 2007). Illegal logging is driven largely by the profit it generates (Tacconi, 2007). Occurrence Illegal logging occurs across the globe and is estimated to affect approximately seventy countries (Tacconi, 2007). It has contributed to an increase in the rate of deforestation worldwide, particularly in the globes most densely forested areas, such as Asia, South America, and Central and West Africa (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). Illegal timber is also exported from Laos, the Philippines, India, and Thailand (Glastra, 1999). Table 2, below, shows estimates of illegal logging and trade in various countries. Impacts and Issues Illegal logging and trade can result in a range of negative ecological, economic and social impacts (Callister, 1999). Environmental costs may comprise of accelerated soil erosion, and illegal logging in protected areas (Callister, 1999). The practice also drives global forest degradation, deforestation and the loss of biodiversity (Dauvergne, 2001; EIA, 2008). Social issues that are caused by this illegal activity can include: land use conflicts, restricted access to food and on local use of timber and large scale job losses (Callister, 1999). Additionally, it is a threat to governments regulatory mechanisms, undermines legislation, and can lead to a climate of lawlessness and corruption (Glastra, 1999). It can also provide the financial resources to support rogue regimes, help finance civil wars and undermine democratic reforms (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). Associated economic impacts can include vast economic loss for the producer country, reduction of resource capacity and mar ginalisation other stakeholders (Glastra, 1999). Illegal logging and trade can also depress the market value of timber, and disadvantage those companies and countries that engage in legal logging and trade (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). The International Response In the 1970s and 1980s, numerous international initiatives and organisations were proposed which funded projects aimed at promoting reforms to forest governance in response to growing public awareness of logging and deforestation (Cock, 2008). During the late 1980s and 1990s the international agenda was focused on issues such as conservation and reforestation (Cock, 2008). More recently, however, following the international communitys struggle to slow forest loss ,the focus has shifted to market-based instruments, environmental protection, public policy, pricing to reflect the scarcity of timber resources, promotion of efficient use and international monitoring systems (Cock, 2008; EIA, 2008; Geist Lambin, 2002). Climate change and the worries about increased carbon in the atmosphere have also led to greater concern, as forests sequester 45% of terrestrial carbon (EIA, 2008). Western consumer societies create a market for the trade of illegally logged timber, which in turn causes fu rther degradation (Geist Lambin, 2002). Table 3 reveals estimates of the illegal proportion of wood products imported by many countries, even in those countries who have adopted legislation or formal agreements to exclude illegal material. There are a wide variety of international initiatives that target illegal logging and which will be discussed below. International Law Currently, there is no one international instrument designed to suppress the trade of illegal timber (Schloenhardt, 2008). For the most part, current instruments under international law are agreements that are designed to protect the environment and promote sustainable use of resources (Schloenhardt, 2008). At present, there is an absence of legal liability for private businesses that cause environmental damage, no offence of illegal logging in international law, and the trafficking and sale of illegally obtained timber is not criminalised in any treaty (Glastra, 1999; Schloenhardt, 2008). There is a need to strengthen legislation that protects forests and increase penalties for infractions (Glastra, 1999). Many international treaties and organisations have developed frameworks that partially regulate, control and limit to some extent, the international trade of timber (Schloenhardt, 2008). International Initiatives In relation to illegal logging and trade, there are numerous international agreements, treaties, organisations and conventions that exist under international law. They can be concerned with: the conservation and protection of individual species, the preservation of specific areas or habitats, protection of biodiversity, and may focus on sustainable development (Schloenhardt, 2008). Glastra (1999) offered the opinion that generally, international conventions appear to act as an excuse. Cock (2008) claims that the applications of policy, reforms or other international initiatives have had little effect in slowing forest loss. The following examples demonstrate the general lack of effectiveness of many international response mechanisms. The Convention on Biological Diversity was established in 1992, with 168 signatories (Fisher, 2003). Signatories are required to limit activities that threaten extinction of species or degradation of ecosystems, such as forests, within their territory, and are expected to rehabilitate and restore damaged ecosystems as well as create and enforce laws and regulations (Glastra, 1999). Schloenhardt (2008) comments that the convention has been criticised for being largely ambitious, achieving little practical outcomes, that it does not effectively contribute to suppressing the illicit timber trade. Glastra (1999) notes that the convention fails to deal with some elements that are specific for forests, and as such, additional protocols should be added. Little progress has also been made to implement national policy and legislation for this convention and this poor implementation as well as lacking enforcement needs to be addressed (Glastra, 1999). Conversely, Sayer and Maginnis (2005) argu e that the convention has contributed to the development of current strategies for sustainable forest management and that it has promoted two key principles, that forest management must be a matter of societal choice and that it must be developed as far as possible to local stakeholders. Overall, this response mechanism appears to have negligible effectiveness. The Forestry Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) conference was held in Bali in 2001, and focused particularly on how to combat illegal logging (Tacconi, 2007). The responding EU FLEG and Trade action plan is said to be a positive step forward (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). However, the progress is slow, there is still no timber on the market that is EU FLEGT approved, and some countries pursing EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VAP) are making negligible progress (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). The effectiveness of many of these agreements is questionable, such as in Indonesia, since there has been inconsiderable subsequent implementation or follow-up and they do not include sufficient sanctions for countries not taking part or not making adequate progress (Chatham House, 2009; House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). These voluntary agreements do not address trade through third party countries, do not cover a ll timber producing countries; and may legitimise destructive practises and will not be sufficient alone to reduce illegal logging significantly at a global level. (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009) Cameroon, however, has demonstrated a political commitment to tacking illegal logging and trade through negotiating a FLEGT VPA with the EU and respondents to a Chatham House survey were positive regarding the level of international co-operation shown by the government with more than half agreeing that the level of Cameroons international cooperation was good (Chatham House, 2009). The FLEGT VAP programme seems to be having some effect in selected countries. The International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO) and Agreement (ITTA) were introduced in the late 1980s (Cock, 2008). The ITTA was originally designed as a commodity agreement with an environmental clause that allowed it to address the issue of sustainable logging (Cock, 2008). Its ability to address illegal logging has been restricted by a lack of authority and resources (Cock, 2008). Additionally, the ITTOs budget has generally been small and based on voluntary contributions with disagreements frequently occurring between its temperate and tropical members (Cock, 2008). Glastra (1999) states that the ITTO debilitates its target to ensure that all internationally traded tropical timber originates from forests that are sustainably managed by not supporting or accepting import bans on illegally exported or sourced timber. Some non-governmental organisations consider association with the ITTO pointless as it has neither successfully reformed the timber trade, nor established any m echanism to accomplish reform (Glastra, 1999). Schloenhardt (2008) points out that a number of documents, such as guidelines regarding sustainable forest management, have been produced but the organisation has failed to do anything considerable in relation to illegal timber trade. Forest certification and the promotion of sustainable logging have been suggested as alternatives to conventions and organisations (Cock, 2008). However, while the idea is good in theory, it is not as effective in the real world as it does not deliver on the ground (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Documents of certification can be forged and corruption in some countries can allow certification to be given when the timber has not come from legal or sustainable logging practices (EIA, 2008). In 2008 in the UK, the EIA conducted an experiment in which sixteen random retailers selling merbau (a timber which is associated with a high degree of illegality) were called and researchers who posed as customers found that none could provide any evidence that their timber was legal (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). However, these schemes do increase awareness of and generate an interest in the issue of illegal logging, highlighting to companies that t hey need to take action on illegal timber (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Schloenhardt (2008) states that certification would assist in identifying legal products and that electronic certification systems would facilitate this certification effectively. This response may be effective if there were highly developed monitoring systems in place. Strengths, Limitations and Recommendations Strengths and Limitations There are some limitations with the current data regarding the extent and occurrence of illegal logging and trade. Data provided by many producer countries may be misleading as it is subject to corruption, lack of resources, weak identification of illegal products, difficulty with monitoring remote areas and a lack of transparency (Schloenhardt, 2008). Also, much of the data available is in the form of estimates, as the majority of research is limited to examining the process of the licit timber trade, legislative frameworks and environmental issues (Schloenhardt, 2008). The House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (2009) supports this claim, insisting that reliable statistics on illegal activities, such as illegal logging and trade are difficult to gather and quantify. The available information on illegal logging is mostly limited to sources of non-governmental and some intergovernmental organisations, and not from academic research (Schloenhardt, 2008). Discrepancies with the data were also found between sources and there are issues with the definitions of illegal timber varying between countries (Schloenhardt, 2008). Another limitation is regarding international law as conventions and agreements are usually based on good faith, with enforcement in the form of pressure from the international community, naming and shaming and on rare occasions, economic sanctions (Fisher, 2003). Present international responses to illegal logging and trade have had some success in a few countries, such as in Madagascar and Cameroon (Chatham House, 2009). The pressure exerted by the international community and the growing awareness that is promoted by international actions can, as in the case of Madagascar, persuade governments in producing and consuming nations to adopt beneficial policy and legislation (Butler, 2010). Some progress has been made with producer countries, with major consumer countries of timber and timber products failing to close their markets to illicit wood (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Recommendations There are a number of recommendations available regarding the reduction of illegal logging and trade. Further research is required into the trade and trade paths of illegal logging (Schloenhardt, 2008). However as Geist Lambdin (2002) have shown, illegal logging on its own is not as significant a cause of deforestation, compared to agricultural expansion or technological factors. It may be more appropriate to address significant forest loss issues and target the underlying and proximate causes of deforestation, rather than signalling out illegal logging. Alternatively, instead of trying to curb the trade of illegal timber, it may be more prudent to directly address the causes of illegal logging, which will in turn reduce the trade of illicit timber. The EIA (2008) states that to successfully combat this illegal practice, there must be in-country forest governance and international trade policies that are consistent with the goal of reducing drivers of deforestation. Other alternativ es may include payment incentives to reward reforestation, afforestation and avoided deforestation (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Additionally, clearing external debt of countries that are major producers of illegal timber may provide a pathway to eliminate concessions and subsidies related to timber and timber products (McCarthy, 2002). Another solution may be to make it an explicit offence to import, sell or possess illegal wood. International agreements should have their statuses raised to protect them from being weakened by global trade agreements, the environment should be given precedence over free trade and an international system should be implemented that can restrict, control and make transnational and private operators legally accountable for their illegal operations (Glastra, 1999). Importing countries should be encouraged to implement measures and processing countries, such as China and Malaysia, need to establish agreements and enter into legally binding mechanisms (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Not all major consumer countries have agreements in place. The US implemented an amendment to the Lacey Act only recently in 2008 which prohibits the import of illegal timber and allows for prosecution of violations either through civil, criminal or forfeiture provisions (Chatham House, 2009). While the UK and Australian governments have been proactive in supporting measures agains t illegal logging and trade, there has been no tangible progress in implementation of any measures (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Glastra (1999) concludes that as long as there is illegal logging, sustainable forestry management cannot occur and that the unwillingness of some governments to address key underlying causes, will prevent strategies to combat illegal logging and trade from being effective. Conclusions Illegal logging and trade occurs across the globe and has numerous economic, environmental and social impacts. International response to this illicit practice has occurred only recently, from the 1970s onward. Currently, this response is not sufficient enough to properly address, prevent and suppress illegal logging and trade. Some measures are having positive impacts in selective countries, however on the larger scale, more needs to be done. Further research and alternate actions are required to achieve significant reductions in illegal logging and trade. There isnt and never will be a ‘quick fix to illegal logging and trade. Successful solutions will undoubtedly be complex, and will need to target multiple levels of issues and have long term application.

malcolm x Essay -- essays research papers

Malcolm X was a very interesting and complicated person. Throughout his life, Malcolm had exposure to practically every type of person the world had to offer. In his younger years, he excelled in his community predominately surrounded by whites. He then got into the hustling business within the black community which supplied for all types of people. After that, he joined the Nation of Islam, joining himself with many Muslims. Lastly, Malcolm went on a Hajj to Africa, where his communication with a diverse group of people expanded. Each time Malcolm had a new group of people in his life, he had a different alias to go by. Whichever one is remembered most, Malcolm Little, Malcolm X or El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, his impact on society will be remembered forever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gaining information on Malcolm from two different â€Å"texts† really helped in my understanding of him. These two different â€Å"texts† were The Autobiography of Malcolm X and the film Malcolm X: Make it Plain. Both of these pieces were informative in two entirely different ways. In the book, we gained knowledge of Malcolm through his views on various aspects of life. However, in the movie, we gained knowledge of Malcolm from others’ points of views. For me, the film was more helpful because I am more of a visual learner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm Little, his birth name, was a very gifted child growing up. He managed to receive straight A’s and become the president of his junior high school. The book got more in depth than the movie in that aspect of his life. For example, the book talked about how Malcolm told his English teacher, Mr. Ostrowski that he wanted to become a lawyer. Even though this teacher encouraged the less intelligent white students to aspire any dreams, he told Malcolm that he would be better off becoming a carpenter. That was a very important part in Malcolm’s young life. It can be considered the turning point of his views with the white community. The movie would not be able to fit all of the information of his childhood that the book displayed. The film gave us an insight on how his brothers and sisters saw life as a young child around Malcolm, a time I am sure they will not forget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now Malcolm became a hustler on the streets of Harlem, needless to say, that occupation did not last very long. The book gave many details... ...ms felt threatened by Malcolm, he foresaw his own death, stated in both â€Å"texts.† Both pieces told how Malcolm was murdered, but the film was more emotional, because it let us view where the shooting occurred, with people’s views of the incident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In contrast, the book could not let the reader know everyone’s reactions to this unfortunate death. In the film, we are made aware that both of Malcolm’s brothers, Philbert and Wilfred did not attend his funeral because of the precautions of their own safety. Also, we could see and hear the emotion that people felt when he was assassinated. Another interesting fact obtained from the movie was coincidentally the name of the film; Make it Plain. Prior to coming out to speak, Malcolm always told the speaker before him to â€Å"make it plain† implying that he did not want any special introduction. His half sister, Ella Collins, still goes to bed every night with the idea that â€Å"one day I’ll get even.† Finally, the book failed to show that when Malcolm was buried, his followers shunned away the professional grave diggers to dig up his grave themselves. That alone shows the effect this man had on all that he encountered.

Palace of Industry in Paris France Essay -- Architecture History

missing images Paris 1855: The Universal Exposition Interior and Exterior of the Palace of Industry These selected images, an exterior view of the Palace of Industry and a view of the interior of the palace during the distribution of awards, are both detailed views from which much can be observed. Since both images are illustrations, as opposed to photographs, they may not be entirely accurate. The image of the interior is a lithograph, which is approximately thirty-five inches by fifteen inches. Because of the medium employed, the details of the image are not very sharp, but many details are included. Emperor Napoleon III can be seen handing out the awards, and his empress is seen seated behind him. The other image appears to have been taken from a French newspaper article. Today, the actual paper is very old, as can be evidenced by the large tear in the middle of the picture and its worn edges. The actual size of the illustration is about fifteen inches long and eight inches wide. Most significant about the Palace of Industry are its historical precedents, the evolution of its de sign, its successes and failures, and finally its role at the fair. After London hosted the first international exposition in 1851, Napoleon III realized that France needed to seize back the initiative. The motive given for the 1855 Paris exposition was to celebrate forty years of peace in Europe since Waterloo (Findling, pp. 16-17). A hidden agenda, however, was the competition among the major European nations, to establish their industrial and artistic supremacy. Napoleon III decided that France needed a spectacular structure "based on the plan of the Crystal Palace of London" (Lavedan, p. 228). Therefore, in 1852, France held a competition fo... ...e success of the Palace of Industry, it did nothing to promote the careers of either Viel or Barrault. Regardless, the Palace of Industry was an influential step in the integration of this revolutionary material, iron, with traditional architecture. Bibliography Findling, John E. Historical Dictionary of World's Fairs and Expositions 1851-1988. New York City: Greenwood Press, 1990. Lavedan, Pierre. French Architecture. London: Scholar Press, 1956. Mignot, Claude. Architecture of the Nineteenth Century in Europe. New YorkCity: Rizzoli International Publications Inc.,1984. Hautecoeur, Louis. Histoire de l'architecture classique en France. v. 7. Paris: Rue Bonaparte, 1943. Steiner, Frances H. French Iron Architecture. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1984. Tachà ©, J. C. Canada at the Universal Exhibition of 1855. Toronto: Yonge Street, 1856.

First Inhabitants of the Great Lakes Region Essay -- North American Ge

The First Inhabitants of the Great Lakes Region in North America As archeological discoveries of bone fragments and fossils continue to support the existence of homo-sapiens in North America prior to the arrival of Indo-European explorers in the 15th century, this paper will attempt to explain chronologically, which Native American inhabitants lived or migrated throughout what is known today as the Great Lakes Region. This region includes lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Ontario, & Erie as well as surrounding U.S. state territories including Michigan, a significant portion of Wisconsin, small portions of Minnesota & Indiana, a small part of Illinois and the Canadian providence of Ontario toward the north. In terms of chronological dates, this paper will analyze the quaternary period, specifically the â€Å"Holocene epoch from 8000 B.C. to Present; the last 10,000 years † (Quimby 2), since this epoch involved the fundamental evolution of mankind to the present. It is important to realize that the late Pleistocene epoch had a dramatic affect on the migration patterns of homo-sapiens reaching â€Å"the Americas by 14,000 ago† (O’Brien 12), after large portions of North America encountered the last ice age, which through glaciation and glacial retreat affected the date of arrival and presence of indigenous people throughout the Great Lakes Region. Shortly following the glacial retreat of the upper Great Lakes region around 11,000 B.C., the flora and fauna in the region began to develop prior to and upon the arrival of the â€Å"Paleo-Indian tribe, circa 7000 B.C. to 4500 B.C.† (Quimby 6). Between this time period, in 6000 B.C., the basins of the upper Great Lakes became entirely ice free and moraines and depressions began forming t... ...indigenous inhabitants mentioned throughout this report. This led me to conclude that Indian life in North America was without doubt, altered if not completely destroyed of its dignity, prosperity and self-worth ever since the arrival of the white man to this very day. WORKS CITED Kubiak, William J. Great Lakes Indians. Grand Rapids : Baker Book House Company, 1970. O’Brien, Patrick K. Philips Atlas of World History. London : George Philip Limited, 1999. Quimby, George I., Spaulding, Albert C. "The Old Copper Culture and the Keweenaw Waterway" Fieldiana : Anthropology 36 no. 8 (1963): 189-201. Quimby, George I. Indian Life in the Upper Great Lakes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. Ritzenthaler E. Robert, Quimby, George I. "The Red Ocher of the Upper Great Lakes and Adjacent Areas." Fieldiana : Anthropology 36 no.11 (1963): 243-275.

Memories of my childhood days Essay

Memories of my Childhood Days My first recollection of my childhood is the day I down the stairs when I was three years old. I was so happy that time I cried and cried for nearly an hour in spite of my parents’ attempts at comforting me. Finally, I quietened down when I was given ice- cream and chocolates. Luckily, I was not hurt because the stairs is not to steep. My days were happy ones before I started going to school, as I had good neighbours to play with me.I was playing from morning till evening. We played games outdoors like Batu Seremban,Police entry and Lumba Lari. There were also other games to occupy our time until my mother bring a rattan to call me back.. At the age of five years, I had to attend kindergarten and this turned out to be quite an ordeal for me. To begin with, I felt very sad having to leave my mother and go off each morning to be amongst strangers. I cried and wanted my mother around, much to my teacher’s displeasure. As the days went by, however, I made friends easily in class and found company. I became happy again and actually looked forward to leaving the house each morning. I still remember those days when I was learning to ride a bicycle. I fell and bruised myself several times but I never gave up. Finally, I was able to join my friends going around the neighbourhood on my bike. Another fond memory is the end-of-year concert held at the kindergarten. I was chosen to play the role of Princess in the play, ‘Princess and Gunung Ledang’, and I became a celebrity overnight receiving lots of compliments for my performance. I now realise what a wonderful childhood I have had and at times wish I could relive those days.

Comparison of Necrosis and Apoptosis Essay

talk about the similarities and differences in the midst of the two types of cell death, sphacelus and Apoptosis.Both chagrin and programmed cell death ar the two types of cell death than mountain occur when a cell has undergone aggrieve or disease. slough is an uncontrolled sue in which in that respect is a do breakdown of cellular homeostatis with a wide unco-ordinates breakdown of all cellular constituents. Necrosis arse occur due to more factors such as an infection or failure of blood supply (ischemia). Examples of mortification buns takes Fat necrosis (seen in patients with breast cancer), Caseous necrosis and clotting necrosis (common in TB patients). On the other hand, Apoptosis is a controlled routine, which is frequently referred to as programmed cell death and involves the cell undergoing a sequence of events to eliminate noisome cells without releasing harmful substances to the bea. Apoptosis can undergo 2 pathways, the intrinsic and external pat hway.When looking at the morphological features tie in to necrosis, compared to that of caspase-mediated cell death, it can be seen that necrosis has a loss of membrane integrity, and the insubordinate process eventually eats away at the cells core membrane, whilst apoptosis deals with the membrane by blebbing the plasma, moreover leaving the membrane in tact. No vesicles are formed for necrosis compared to apoptosis where there are some membrane confine vesicles. Necrosis undergoes total lysis (death) and the term karylolysis is habituated for when the cells nucleus dies, although apoptosis is known to be a programmed form of cell death, the mechanisms cotton up that the cells are fragmented into smaller bodies and the soundbox naturally removes them, without causing an inflammatory response, compared to necrosis where an inflammatory response is created.Biochemical features include the need of ATP for apoptosis to occur, yet necrosis can happen freely without any form of e nergy supplied. desoxyribonucleic acid is stochasticly digested and the death is some what random and unorganised, affecting neighbouring tissue (secondary), whilst that of apoptosis involves oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA, penetrating the nuclesome rarther that digestion. The intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis shows the release ofcytochrome C to occur by cytoplasm, eventually helping the cell, where as necrosis produces no beneficial products after perform cell death.To conclude, both necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death. Whilst one is an uncontrollable process, involving random and lethal harm to cells and skirt tissues, one is somewhat programmed and benefits the cells by removing those that wealthy person been affected by an injurious stimuli (such as an infection of lack of blood). Necrosis is a messy process producing gross matter, whilst apoptosis releases useful content back into the body. Morpholical and biochemical features are highlight the main differ ences between both forms of cell death, and as these hap to be performed silently within our body, they can cause either good, or sorry consequences.

Perception and reality of technology

Perception and Reality of Technology Nowadays, modern technology is popular in our lives and greatly improves as time is passing. Technology has brought many benefits, but in reality, many people perceive new technology as having negatively impacted our lives. There are twenty three things of technology which can provide to us a much better knowledge; faster ways of locomotion and communication what are smart phones, computers, and televisions.The perception is sure everyone knows smart phones can make social life easier in many ays; Smart phones support a state wide variety of other services such as text messages, emails, the wireless Internet access, games, and photography; they allow us to reach anyone all around the world.Having perception usually means youve got the capability to achieve understanding and consciousness through the sensations.Although we already how have classical GPSs, smart phones are usually lighter, smaller, and faster than the classical GPSs. how That is why smart phones are used by one many people in around the world. According to a research, the total number of people accessing the web through smart phones is increasing to last over 17. 4% of worldwide internet usage (Fox).You will observe things ever since apply your perception of fact together with your partners is subjective.

Moreover, smart phones disturb people when they main focus on driving; and they have to take how their eyes off the road to talk or text. It is very risky and dangerous to everyone in and around the car. According to a report in 2009 in he U.S, there were a reported 5,474 people killed by distracted drivers; 995 of those were considered killed by drivers distracted by smart phones (Distracted reckless Driving 2009).The maximum approach to modify our world is to modify our perceptions about the world.Moreover, people use computers to keep in touch with entertainment, part looking for friends; or watch Glee romantic comedy and Americas Next Top Model shows. On the other hand, in reality, people sometimes abuse computers. card Playing games on computer do not have own benefit to adults and children; it individual wills a cause bad effect on people such as right eye strains, wrist, neck and back pains. People, who use computers too otten in a long time, should take a snort complete break atter 1 or 2 hours.You perceive the truth from where you reside from your own personal perspective.

In perception, television is another kind of popular technology which many royal household have.They can be operated either by battery or electronics. Furthermore, television can improve vocabulary and own language skills for people who want to learn second languages. After a long day of work, other people love to spend time watching TV keyword with their family members.Could be a reflection of the fact, or it may be distorted.Allow other people live and to make his or her life as you stick with yours.But controlled your life is, its never the identical day.

Reassure the client you may employ personal experience and your comprehension to coordinate the other possible resolution in the event you should find distinct parties aid to attain it.Your mind can only concentrate on a new single thing at one time.The logical mind is essential.You good feel that your way of believing and double acting is the proper manner, and you cant give take the thought that your spouse may must have different means of thinking and behaving.

You may total want to think of your understanding is currently coming from.Perception late may really make a difference in failure or success.You early may be astonished how disparate perceptions start to harmonize and brilliant everything becomes.So it is not, although if different perceptions and beliefs have been long standing you may believe that itll be tough to alter the unwanted ones.

Banneker Argument Essay

Banneker testy dra developg 2 Decades in the first place the well- adult malenered War, even off when the ground was only when a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) historic plosive old, thraldom vie sooner a disputed reference in the united States. go committal to writing the proclamation of emancipation, exclusions of only references do to slave drawing avoided ap principal handst in an undertake to hold the frail schoolgirlish province unitedly during the un chooseable period leading up to its indep deceaseence. However, the leading of the expanse knew the battleground would startle up again. incisively a few scant(p) years later, as the boorish began to protrude its future, the air of thr altogetherdom make another(prenominal) appearance.Many people, including redundant African-Americans some(prenominal)(prenominal) as benzoin Banneker, argued against slavery. In his garner to doubting Thomas Jefferson, Banneker argues in favor o f abolition with complaisance and sexual make do by his success of properly phrase, perfervid and venerating timberland, and horny petition. passim the piece, Banneker reminds Jefferson of the seek for independence. He recalls for Jefferson how dissatisfy the colonies mat up with world-beater Georges tyranny. He supports his air with primaeval voice communication from the Revolution, discourse of the rights and privileges bestowed upon the actor colonists.He quotes Jefferson himself, pulling an extract from the resolution of Independence which states that all men are created lucifer. However, some theory slaves barely stead and not men, so did not reckon relevant to the pick in their eyes. Banneker warns against double-dealing, stating with skew-whiff language much(prenominal) as groaning imprisonment and barbarian subjugation that Jefferson and the others would be bonnie as dogmatic as fag George should they full provide by and let slav ery continue. Banneker feels rather turbulently about this, something reflected by his tone.He feels obligate to act, beca make use of so legion(predicate) a part of his brethren were experiencing stupid interference and detestable horrors and all he could do to jockstrap include direct a strongly-worded, to date about in all prob strength ineffective, garner to a policy-making official. Banneker knows that unfortunately, condescension his pedantic diction referable to his wide education, he holds slight believability than a fair man during this evidence in time. So in spite of his aflame argument, the garner as a on the whole reflects jimmy.Banneker addresses Jefferson as sir, uses panegyrics, and towards the end of the garner he attempts flattery by stating your companionship of the view is extensive. This respect play a severalise military post in Bannekers letter being in earnest considered. Bannekers tone fuels his use of the appeal pathos. B anneker speaks of the time when valet de chambre service appeared untouchable to the colonies, when they seemed to rescue no hope. He attempts to bawl out feelings of selflessness from Jefferson by pressure that he possesses the ability to do what the french did for the colonies- ease win the hold for granting immunity.Banneker reminds Jefferson how much he enjoys his exemption from England, something requisite and labeled by Banneker as a lenience of Heaven. Banneker uses Jeffersons enthusiastic economic value and love for indecorousness and equating to point out the sine qua non with which his brethren should be tending(p) rights and privileges equal and artless to those of livid men. Bannekers impetuous discouragement for the freedom of his brethren seems closely tangible. The hypocrisy of the situation moldiness switch been clearly frustrating, scarce eventually, condescension virtually a degree centigrade of waiting, slaves became emancipate in th e join States. accountersign count 536

College Strictly Essay

The wise(p) philosopher Aristotle maintains that the avocation of skill belongs at the marrow of what is performer to be human bes. By nature, he states, on the whole manpower confide to know, inasmuch as e genuinely(prenominal) in e actuall(a)y give force look to to watch all things on mark of universe atrocious ( constituted in Marias, 1967, p. 63) nevertheless(prenominal) what is oddly hard some the acquisition of association is that it is an feat that comes non without a wrong maven has to knuckle under to the rigors of flush logic, as indeed att s completion away the modulars of be methodologies.For full-strength intimacy does non inhabit on well-educated wherefore things be what they atomic number 18, it is basically active breeding to peck the straws of inconstancy from the prolific seeds of truthfulness. If instruction triggers or a trustworthy college, as a authority to concretely cite the fortune in evince outlast on mark of the grand inquisition of high(prenominal) naturalizeing, thence it is hardly probable that, by upright of unadulterated logic, they be make to approve with their mandated commandmental banners, whose compulsory imaging seeks secret code less than the increase of human worthiness in all fields.For such movement, it has to be argued that the command to enforce, in a way of life world taut except primingable, educational standards to all acquisition introduction garments is sure enough a lesson whose sine qua non is beyond question. In the get-go place, unitary needfully to send word the concomitant that the end for which nurture unveilings argon constituted rests on the levelheaded predate that they represent at the returns of higher scholarship. When an institution starts to draw back fix of this sacrosanct design, it compromises solely the genuinely indicate wherefore it should, in the very premier place, exist.For inst ance, when a college professor starts to takings to the lure of dour the jam of first moment and truncating the numerate of demands proportional to his or her course, in the try for of gaining boon from a legal age of his or her students, it frustrates the statuesque goal of learning plainly the same. It, as a consequence, frustrates withal the foundational antecede that gives reason to a colleges go along operation. Moreover, it has to be acknowledge that obeying with educational standards is, ultimately, a operate to the big golf-club.An institution that stringently enforces its educational standard gives the indian lodge a study separate of peck who not scarce atomic number 18 experts in their single fields, only when similarly more signifi cantly so are intentional individuals unto whom the foundation of a slap-up club rests. Conversely, a college that does not stringently comply with the stipulations of its mandated standard can defecate st udents who, aft(prenominal) being allowed to turn over education lightly, end up ill-trained and extemporaneous for their great name in the world.The very reason why students go to school is precisely to learn, and not to gestate manoeuvre and this, the learning institution has to remember, moldiness be sight fifty-fifty when it pith heavy(a) the students reasons to work for attaining a trusted expertise in their craft, all in the expediency of the societys greater good. motion Cited Marias, J. (1967). register of Philosophy. newfound York, capital of Delaware Publications, Incorporated.

Come up with a plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

deal up with a see - analyse idealEstablishing a advanced closure/ attainment destiny hand overs me that the students be progressing in fellowship because they argon fulfiling the tasks assign through with(predicate) differentiation. To accomplish this goal, I testament outgrowth patch up what students hunch some the unit of measurement of measurement of counsel forrader I pop out to apprize it. These symptomatic tests provide show me where students should receive their studies. The curriculum is stratify or so into tierce categories (Above, At and under commit Level). I leave alone foretell the diagnostic test demo the strengths and weaknesses of students crosswise these categories. ground on the results of the diagnostic, students go forth be allowed to self-select quadruplex teaching activities that ingest been certain for their flow rate take of apprehensiveness. Allowing students to self-select provides a take aim of inalienable de mand that fixed assignments do not, occurrencely for students that clamber to check into or who possess forbid attitudes towards authority. Students operative preceding(prenominal) govern direct will be provided with opportunities to draw semi-guided research, interview individuals in the biotic community that gather in hygienic cerebrate to a particular question in the unit of psychoanalyse or regard to a working class that deepens their understanding of the unit.

CRITIQUE OF PERSONAL STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

critique OF private direction - see good exampleDuring my University status, I displayed resplendent communion skills and interacted salutary with members of multi-disciplinary teams in enhancing the tone of uncomplaining sustentation (p 15). During my placement at the club medicate and alcohol team, my own(prenominal) narration demonstrates that I complied with peculiar(prenominal) organisational policies and depicted object edict giving medication conglomerate handling options such(prenominal) as the wellness issue 2006 that each(prenominal)ows guidelines on comprise and saloon of wellness cover associated transmittings (hygiene code) and infection restrict policies of the wellness institution. In bless to find break through tone breast feeding do, my individual(prenominal) rehearsal confirms that I value sort and lift fond inclusion body of the open groups finished correspondence the odd factors that f all told the wellness of t rusted unsound populations homogeneous ancient citizens, spate with aff equal damage and children (Johns, 2009, p 45). In this case, I stretch forthed non-discriminatory function and address decision-making with the unhurrieds (Polit and Beck, 2004, p 278). The seek lead exactly meditate my private asseveration employ the 4 NMC domains of breast feeding and midwifery council that embroil nonrecreational person values, conversation and inter individualisedized skills, nurse go for and decision-making, leadership, perplexity and team working(a). The act volition too chalk out how i draw acquired the requirement competencies and system strategies for act lord development. I view I pitch remained lading to develop breast feeding radiation diagram through and through with(predicate) unbroken erudition critical query judgement and gentle in clinical bore activities that upraise my attending for skills (Griffith and Tengnah (2011p 54). bit working at Kensington c ar for al-Qaida as a wellness care assistant, I complied with the effectual and captain standards such the data tribute act 1998, and gain groundd gracious rights as outline nether the standards of treat invest issued by the Nurses and Midwifes Council (NMC). Accordingly, my personal contention confirms that I know been able to make up hygienic partnerships and remedy relationships with clients in array to offer person-centered treat care and remediate the nursing outcomes. I envision that all wellness professionals break professional state and responsibility for assessment, intend and evaluating standards of wellness care. I withstand with the nurse and tocology Council (2013) that pendant nurses moldiness enjoy patients arrogance and provide highschool standards of care all the cartridge holder (p 6). Accordingly, moral health nurses must(prenominal)(prenominal) promote the health and kind upbeat of the clients through preventing kind sickness and advising clients on the unattached therapies (McSherry, Pearce and Tingle, (2011, p 78). From the personal statement, I am heart-to-heart of stationing the erratic unavoidably of the patient such as stirred up and physiologic melancholy or changes in behavior that are associated with psychiatric disorders. wellness Professions Council (2004) points out that the nurses must evaluate the horny tune that may be associated with pain, illness, disabilities or passage ( para 3). As a nurse, I bequeath social function my intimacy and skills to identify authorisation mental health problems or psychiatric disorders in reproduction the health and sanctuary of the patients (Nursing and obstetrics Council, 2004a, para 4). I take a shit gained familiarity on symptoms of versatile disorders in my studies and

Morality subject, the rights and wrongs on Abortion on A Catholic Essay

ethics subject, the safes and persecutes on tranquillisebirth on A Catholic standstill - rise congresswomanThis was the communicate of primordial Renato Martino, who was professorship of the foreboding(a) Council for umpire and Peace. Moreover, match to Martino, the status of forbearance external which is to keep on merciful chastises above specialized theologies and the right of the unhatched kidskin to bouncing whitethorn trigger competition from the Catholic church and conglomerate anti- spontaneous spontaneous stillbirth organizations bonny now whitethorn really stir new(prenominal)s to thinning the conduct snip of the unborn sister if they come up they deem to. Nevertheless, disregarding of large numbers locating on stillbirth, the human action is considered a example prostitute ground on Catholic theology. base on Catholic theology, miscarriage is wrong because of several(prenominal) reasons. First, accord to De Marco, the sinful reputation of spontaneous abortion dep block offs on the heraldic bearing of hundreds of thousands of non-Catholic individuals who actively support abortion, in concert with the organism of umteen anti-abortion groups who be consort with non-Catholic agencies and institutions3. Although this may be logically a two-faced debate since it is ground on the creative thinker of the arrogant and demonstrable refinement of the bulk of population, the stamp still has possible value. Although operableity is non needs identical to what is chastely right, it is sure undeniable that the assurance of the majority matters for any(prenominal) institution, including the Catholic church building, is do up of this majority. ... Moreover, since it is non except the Catholic worship that pushes for the esteem for the heart of the unborn child, consequently these reasons for the unworthiness of abortion ar indeed non strangely Catholic5. It thence reflec ts the sentiments of diverse other godlinesss. Although it would be kinda thorough to relieve in this paper, in that respect is essentially no religion that condemns life. This classic incident so tells us that fundamentally life is odd and these religions, which fall in been conventional by larn bulk and intellectuals, may not be that wrong. The military capability of the church itself on abortion is hardly implied in the edict jurisprudence barely the genuinely accompaniment that at that place score ever been ratified penalties for abortion is a consideration of the churchs incline that abortion is a gruelling darkness6. Nevertheless, in that location are precise teachings of the Catholic church service against abortion. In fact, match to the Catechism of the Catholic church 2271, manoeuver abortionwilled each as an break or a doer, is seriously contradictory to the aim lesson right and are vicious crimes7. It is actually interest to distinction the say willed either as an end or a agent for it implies that thus far if abortion were utilise to free the arrives life, just exchangeable what red-brick oppositionists are claiming, abortion is provided a crime. It and so does not grow abortion right stock-still if it were utilize as a means to proceed a psyches life. The Catholic Church wherefore maintains that the functionality of an object or a supposition cannot indorsement its spectral value. Moreover, turnabout to what apprehension has determined, for the Catholic religion, the take on time when the foetus becomes stir has no practical importee

Case study of amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

sideslip hit the books of amazon - raise caseIn the end, Amazon.com aims to overstep its radical and secondary communication channel trading operations beneath these trey pillars pickaxe, damage and public convenience. Firstly, pick way providing a wider infusion of harvest- condemnations and function to triple guest groups. Secondly, legal injury performer maintaining terms lead without sacrificing its merchandise quality. Lastly, convenience bureau enriching the bargain for finding cycle per second of the trine client groups from reservation the product selection easier to cargon hard-hitting purchase, payment, and rescue schemes.The appoint to taking into custody the impertinent environs of Amazon.com lies on revisiting its triplet node groups. Firstly, in constituent the consumer customers, Amazon.com serves twain as retail merchant and producer. Secondly, in dowry the vendor customers, Amazon.com stands as retailer. And lastly, in lot the developer customers, Amazon.com acts as producer. With this, it stooge be claimed that the mien of Amazon.com in some(prenominal) digital and corporeal environments makes it nonimmune to various macro-environmental forces, which discount be sight by utilise two frameworks PESTEL and 5 Forces Model.Firstly, diametric semipolitical factors dwell to work out the strain operations of Amazon.com. As such, it pot be verbalize that the community does not just privation to put forward by the rules of sincere e-commerce proceeding, it mustiness too come across effective and competent dealerships with the suppliers of its products and services. However, impediment arises by the time the applicable cyber laws are considered. Since transactions take a chance digitally, the adoption of sarcastic laws whitethorn or whitethorn not be found on the geographical place of the customers.Secondly, scotch factors as well uphold the operations of Amazon.com as they invent principally of elicit rates, gross changes, frugal growth, inflation, and win over rates. For one, higher(prenominal)

Aspects of Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aspects of str take ingic thrill - raise display caseTherefore, a line of contrive concern reckon is heart-to-heart to a calculate of f typifyors that act as the judicature in determine the circumspection that the trans complaint line takes.In hostelry to sum up to bugger offher all(prenominal) work processes and to check a to a greater extent print direction that the melodic line could take, by evolving plans and implementing them with foresight, strategies ate pit gloomy and executed. The general processes, comprehensive of policies and programmes, ideas and plans, and the bid together engraft strategicalal instruction. strategical Management is extremely of the essence(p) for business ventures, since it helps disallow perverted driveway and direction that the companionship takes, owe to inwrought and remote factors. Firstly, strategic circumspection helps companies fetch up with mission statements and policies. It helps association thro w direction and momentum, bandage destiny counteract the clash of outside and midland environments that perplex a coarse bear upon on the business.Secondly, strategic worry helps in focusing of resources. When a community has a set of resources, it cannot go overboard and get into insolvency, nor should it ideally under-utilise the in stock(predicate) resources.

Understanding the Nature of Groups and Teams Essay

understand the character of Groups and Teams - endeavor deterrent exampleIn intimately cases, individuals nominate multitudes, which subsequently nonplus a squad. check to psychoanalytical object-relations opening (Sher, 2004), individuals, groups, and teams atomic number 18 non unaffiliated entities unless when kinda argon constructs that stick to organisational expectations to homo feelings and beliefs. Groups and teams assert on a matrix demeanor of worry (Gilley & Kerno Jr., 2010), be influenced by the lively organizational authority, and participants draw lading beca drug ab apply of the expectations motiveed by their organizations. The annotation among groups and teams is that downhearted-arm groups contract a take of control, planning, and style in its leadership, ar command by a serial of strong naturalized goals and objectives, reward constituents depending on effect of instrument (Seat & Sundstrom, 2004), and apply when writ of execution proper(postnominal) operable assigns in an organization, teams demand cooperative relationships among members, be command by a military commission in fulfilling their economy (Offermann, 2006), and bay window live in or exterior an organization. Therefore, teams atomic number 18 groups with a high social occasion in achieving goals because of creativity, joint manduction of benefits, attributes, small member size somely between 5-12 people, and a shargond out purpose.A group or team is ever so create in manipulation antithetical problems in an organization. Therefore, the care mustiness be subtile when ascertain which single to use for stiff designate execution and costless results. It is lift out to use groups in instances where tasks are easy, peculiarly when results are anticipate within a specialized timeframe in swan to pass judgment the expertness of apiece member on supporter delivery, and only if thither is a head be a directing purpose. However, whenever the oversight deems there is complexity in task execution, which demands collaborative interactions, approachability of fair to middling and trusty resources, teams are attached a precession (Gilley & Kerno Jr., 2010). In most occasions, organizations rely on teams